The 5th century Palaeo-Christian mosaics in the Triumphal Arch of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome

Triumphal Arch Mosaics, Annunciation, Adoration of the Magi, Massacre of the Innocents, Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome

Triumphal Arch Mosaics Pope Sixtus III was responsible for the 5th century mosaics that adorn the basilica and this fact is attested by the presence of the pope's name that can be read in the decoration of the Triumphal Arch.

This triumphal arch depicts episodes from the Redeemer's childhood, as well as references to the Apocryphal Gospels.

It is said that the representations of the mosaics executed under the order of Sixtus III (pope from 432 to 440) in the basilica of Saint Mary Major, were used to refute the errors of the iconoclasts at the Second Council of Nicæa.

Pope Adrian I wrote about them at length in his epistle to Charlemagne.

At the very top of the triumphal Arch, you can see an empty throne with, on either side, the Apostles Paul and Peter.

On said throne are a crown and a cross with precious stones.

Mosaics of the triumphal arch, presentation in the temple, Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome

Mosaics triumphal arch At the foot of the throne, on a stool rests a roll sealed with seven seals.

The name of Pope Sixtus III is inscribed underneath : « Xystus episcopus plebi Dei ».

This inscription underlines the link between the throne of Christ and that of the pope who embodies Him on Earth.

The notion of Christ's role as Redeemer is very clear in this mosaic, which evokes the history of Salvation.

Jesus is presented here as divine from his conception, which corresponds to the doctrine of the Council of Ephesus, the occasion for Sixtus III to dedicate to Mary, Mother of God, the basilica Saint Mary Major which celebrates her divine character.

Mosaics of the triumphal arch and Adoration of the Magi, Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome

Mosaics triumphal arch

Triumphal Arch Mosaics

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